PMC

(A) Here we depict the competition map. The x-axis shows change in implicit error sensitivity between reference and test conditions. The y-axis shows change in explicit error sensitivity. Colors indicate the percent change in implicit adaptation (measured at steady-state) from the reference to test conditions. Black region denotes an absolute change less than 5%. The map was constructed with . (B) The map can be described in terms of five different regions. In Region A (matching increase), implicit error sensitivity and total implicit adaption both increase in test condition. Region D is same, but for decreases in error sensitivity and total adaptation. In Region B (mismatching decrease), implicit learning decreases though its error sensitivity is higher or same. In Region E (mismatching increase), implicit learning increases though its error sensitivity is lower or same. Region C shows a perceived invariance where implicit adaptation changes less than 5%. (C) Row 1: effect of enhancing explicit learning. Row 2: total learning increases. Row 3: implicit and explicit learning shown in Blocks 1 and 2, where only difference is 100% increase in explicit error sensitivity. Row 4: change in implicit learning (Block 2–1). (D) Row 1: effect of suppressing explicit learning. Row 2: total learning decreases. Row 3: implicit and explicit learning shown in Blocks 1 and 2, where explicit error sensitivity decreases 100%. Row 4: implicit learning change (Block 2–1). (E) Row 1: model simulation for . Row 2: Total learning increases. Row 3: implicit and explicit learning during Blocks 1 and 2 where implicit error sensitivity increases by 41.5% and explicit error sensitivity increases by 70.6%. Row 4: negligible change in implicit learning (Block 2–1). (F) Same as in E except here explicit strategy is suppressed during Blocks 1 and 2.
Figure 7—source code 1. analysis code.

Results for 16 products without explicit flavour names in bar plot form; the values for three products with flavour names examined in this study (A, B and C) are included for comparison. Additional values for reference are for products with explicit flavour names as derived from Brown et al (see also ). NYC, New York City.

The Ramachandran diagram for alanine dipeptide, obtained by the explicit model (A) and the simplified model (B).

The fluctuations of the energy difference between the explicit and simplified potentials, obtained during (A) FEP/MD, (B) Monte Carlo, simulations